Special Difficulties

0202

在英语中往往可以用 what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情。在感叹句中主谓语采用正常语序。如课文中的例句"What a day!" 。注意以下例句：

Instead of saying	We can say
It's a terrible day!	What a terrible day!
This is a beautiful picture!	What a beautiful picture! What a beautiful picture this is!

0203

英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。如课文中第三行的句子“He lent me a book”中，动词 lent 后面带有表示动作结果的直接宾语（a book）和表示动作目标的间接宾语（me）。间接宾语大多数时间置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾语前必须加“to”（表示动作对什么人而做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做），因此，课文中的句子也可以改写成：He lent a book to me. 注意以下例句。

Instead of saying	We can say
He lent me a book.	He lent a book to me.
He sent me a card.	He sent a card to me.
He passed me the salt.	He passed the salt to me.
She bought me a tie.	She bought a tie for me.
She made me a cake.	She made a cake for me.

0204 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Receive and Take
receive: I have just received a letter from my brother. 接收
take: Someone has taken my pen. 拿走

0205 Words often confused or misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

Phrases with the word way 带 way 的短语
课文的第 8-9 行有这样一句话，"In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service" 以下是与 way 这个词组成的短语。 | | | |--|--| | In the way | Please move this chair. It is in the way. 挡着路了
Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我给你示范的方法来做 | | One the way | On the way to the station, I bought some chocolate. 在去火车站的路上 | | In this way | He saves old envelopes. In this way, he was collected a great many stamps. 用这种方法 | | By the way | By the way, have you seen Harry recently? 顺便问一句 | | In a way | In a way, it is an important book. 在某种意义上 |

0206 短语动词

Some verbs change in meaning when we put short words after them. Read these sentences. Do you know what the verbs in italics mean?
有些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后久会改变词义。这种新的组合被称作短语动词。注意下面的斜体字，和这些短语动词的词义。 * I put your book on the shelf. * I put on my hat and left the house. 戴上帽子 * Who took my umbrella? * It was very hot, so I took off my coat. 脱掉外衣 * Come and look at my photograph album. * I am looking for my pen. I lost it this morning. 寻找我的笔 * Will you look after the children for me please? 照看孩子

Read these sentences. Each one contains the verb knock. THe verb has a different meaning in each sentence.
读一读下面的句子，注意每个句中都含有动词 knock，但是它们的词义有很大差异。 * A beggar knocked at my door. 敲门 * I knocked the vase off the table and broke it. 碰掉 * He always knocks off at six o'clock. 下班；结束工作 (finishes his work) * The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill. 给了优惠；reduced the priced by * A car knocked the boy over. 撞倒 (hit him and made him fall) * In the fight, the thief knocked the policeman out. 打昏

0242 Pick

Study these sentences. Each sentence contains the verb pick. This verb has a different meaning in each sentence:
细读以下句子，每句中均有动词 pick，但词义各不相同。 * He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins. 拿起 * I'll pick you up in the car this evening. 开车接你 * I picked up * a lot of English while I was in England. (I learnt.) 学到了不少英语 * There are so many beautiful cards on display, I can't pick out* the ones I like post. (I can't choose.) 挑不出

0207

0227

Study these sentences. Each one contains the verb put. The verb has a different meaning in each sentence. * ... the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. 搭起 * ... they put out the fire and crept into their tent. 扑灭 * You needn't go back to London tonight. We can put you up for the night. 安排住宿 * The teacher sent the boy to the headmaster. He could not put up with him any longer. 忍受 * Take out your notebooks. Put down all the sentences that are on the blackboard. 抄下 * We cannot have the meeting tonight. We shall have to put it off until tomorrow. 推迟 * Close your books and put them away. 放到一边

0208

Everyone, Everybody, Everything 与 every 一起复合而成的不定代词是单数形式

Read these sentences. * Everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition'. * Everything is ready. * Everybody has come. * Everyone likes ice cream.

Enter

Read these sentences. 注意下列句子中动词 enter 和动词短语 enter for 的不同含义 * Everybody enters for the competition. 参加 * Everyone stood up when he entered the room. 走进 * Did you enter for this examination? 参加 * The lights went out just as we entered the cinema. 走进 * How many people have entered for the race? 参加

0209 Any, Not ... Any and No

0210 Made in, Made of, Made from, Made by 与被动语态的 made 连用的几个介词

Made in (a country) 表示产地：
It was made in Germany.
Made of (a material) 表示用某种材料制成：
The tea pot is made of silver.
Made from (a number of materials) 表示用数种材料制成：
Glass is made from sand and lime.
Made by (someone) 表示制造的人：
This cake was made by my sister.

0211 I asked him to lend me twenty pounds

语序：有些动词的后面先加上一个名词或代词作宾语，再加上动词不定式作为宾语补足语。
Study the word order in these sentences.
注意以下句子的语序，在动词后面均有一个代词或名词（斜体）。 * He wants me to ask you a question. * Frank helped Tom to dig this hole. * She taught her son to read. * We advised them to stay at home. * They did not allow us to enter the museum before 9 o'clock.

0212

In each sentence, be combines with a different adverb. Each combination has a different meaning.
各句中的 be 与不同的副词连用，意思各个不同。 * He will be away for two months. 离开两个月。 * I'm going out now. I'll be back at six o'clock. 回来。 * If anyone telephones, tell them I'll be out all morning. 不在。 * I went to Ted's house and asked to see him but he wasn't in. 不在。 * Why don't you forget about it? It's all over. 过去了。 * What's on at the local cinema this week? 上映。 * She is very ill. She can't start work yet. She is not up to it. 不能胜任。

Now look at the verb set in these sentences.
注意下面句子中的动词 set。 * Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock. 出发。 * Tom and I set off early in the morning. 出发。 * Jansen set up a new world record for the 400 metres. 创造。

0213 The Workers' Club 名词的所有格

0214 Words often confused 经常容易弄混的词

Ask and Ask for. He asked me for a lift.
Ask (a question) 问（一个问题）: After the lesson, he asked me a question.
Ask for (something) 要求（某样东西）: He asked for an apple.

Except, except for, apart from. Apart from a few words...
When except is used at the beginning of a sentence, it is followed by for.
当 except 在句首时，常用 except for 这个词组。 * I invited everyone except George. * Except for/Apart from this, everything is in order.

Which of, either of, neither of, both of. Neither of us...
We use these words when we refer to two persons or things.
这些短语用于两个人或两件事。 * Which of the two do you want? * Either of them will do. * I like neither of them. * I bought both of them.

0215 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

Nervous and Irritable

Nervous 紧张不安的（restless or uneasy）: Examinations make me nervous.
Irritable 易怒的（easily made angry）: He is such an irritable person, you can hardly speak to him.

Office, Study, Desk

There are six people in our office.
The living room is next to the study. I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet.
My desk is covered with books.

*Afford

Will you buy this car? I can't afford it. I can't afford $7,000.
You can afford this model. It's not very expensive.
I haven't been to the cinema lately, I can't afford the time.

0216 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

Police

Traffic police are sometimes very polite.
The police are looking for him. They have not found him.
There were police everywhere.

Pay attention to, Care, Take care of, Look after

Please pay attention to the blackboard.
I don't care if he breaks his neck!
Don't worry about the garden. I'll take care of/look after it while you are on holiday.
Please take care of/take after the children for me when I am out.

Remind and Remember

This note is only a reminder.
I reminded him to post my letter.
I remembered to post your letter. 我没有忘记替你寄信。
Remember me to your mother.

You

'You' can have the sense of 'anyone'.
英语中第二人称代词 you 还有“任何人”的意思。

0217 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

As

She often appears on the stage as a young girl. 扮演
I cannot come as I am busy. (because) 由于
As I was leaving the house, the postman brought a letter. (at the time when) 在。。。的时候
Do as you are told. (the thing that) 叫你怎么做就怎么做。
He works as an engineer. (in the position of) 担任。

Dress, Suit, Costume

She must appear in a bright red dress. 裙子，连衣裙
My sister bought a new dress yesterday. 连衣裙
My brother never wears ready-made suits. 不穿成衣，西服。
All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes. 服装，演出服

Grow and Grow up

It must be terrible to be grown up! 成熟的，成人的
Children grow quickly. The grass has grown very high. 长得快，长得高。
Some people never grow up. (mature in mind) 成熟

0218

give

Read these sentences. Each one contains the verb give. The verb has a different meaning in each sentence.
读一读以下句子，每句话中都有动词 give，但含义不同。 * He returned with my bag and give it back to me. * Given in your exercise books to me. 把你的练习本交给我。 * He can't continue fighting. He will soon give in. (He will surrender.) 投降 * I gave away my collection of stamps to the little boy. 送给了 * I have given up smoking. (I have stopped.) 放弃，停止，抛弃（戒烟） * Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. (They surrendered.) 投降

Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Beside, Besides * Come and sit beside me. (next to me) * Besides this photograph, I have a number of others. (in addition to)

0219

Instead of saying	We can say
I am sorry.	I'm sorry.
We have sold out.	We've sold out

0220 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.
Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.
The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited.
b It's and Its
It's a waste of time.
It's cold today. It's raining too.
The cat drank its milk.
This engine has lost its power.
c Realize and Understand.
They don't realize ...
I realized he was mad.
He didn't realize that he had made a mistake.
I don't understand English.

0221 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a Drive
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
He drives his car very badly.
The farmer drove the cattle into the field. 赶
Our army drove the enemy back.
During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.
b Home and House
After work I always go home. I stay at home during the weekend. There is no place like home.
They are building many new houses in our district. Houses are very expensive. I paid a lot of money for a new house.

0223 There is and It is

The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people.
There is a new school in our neighbourhood. It was only built last year. There are 250 pupils at the school. Last year there were only 180. Next year there will be over 300.
What's the time? It is five o'clock.
How far away is the station from here? It is five miles away.
What's the weather like? It is very cold.

0226 Speech marks 引号

In written conversation, we put speech marks '...' or "..." round the words that are actually spoken.
在书面会话中，我们会使用单引号（'）或者双引号（"）把实际的对话括起来。
Read this carefully. * 'What are you doing?' she asked. * 'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?' * She looked at it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'

Some things to notice:
注意事项： * THe speech marks are above the line. They go outside all other marks like commas(,) full stops(.) and question marks(?). * 引号位于一行之上，它们应该在句尾其他标点符号——比如逗号、句号、和问好——之外。 * The speaker's first word begins with a capital letter. * 引语的第一个词以大写字母开头。 * Words like 'said' and 'asked' are followed by a comma. We put a full stop after them only when they come at the end of a sentence. * 在 said 和 asked 等词后面用逗号，只有当它们位于句尾时，才在它们的后面使用句号。 * When words like 'said' or 'asked' interrupt the speaker, the second half of the sentence begins with a small letter. * 当 said 和 asked 等词置于引语之间时，句子的后半部分以小写字母开始。 * We begin a new paragraph each time a new speaker is introduced. * 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时，要另起一段。

0228 Who, Which, That, and Whose

We cannot leave out who, which, that or whose in these sentences:
在以下句子中，我们不能省略 who，which，that，whose 关系代词（作主语）。 * Jasper White is on of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. * This is the hotel which was built last year. * This is the island that was bought by a millionaire. * The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.

0229 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Refuse and Deny.
Refuse (a request or something offered) 拒绝（一个请求或给予的某种东西）：Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman.
Deny (an accusation) 否认（一种指控）：He denied that he had stolen the money.
b. Bring, Take and Fetch.
Bring (come from somewhere with something) 带来（由某处带来某物）：He brought the book with him when he came to see me.
Take (go away from somewhere or someone with something) 拿走（从某地或某人处带走某物）：He took the book with him when he left.
Fetch (go somewhere, pick something up and bring it back) 取来（去某地取某物并带回）：I asked him to to my room and fetch my glasses.
c. Very and Too
Very（很，非常）：I arrived very late but I caught the train.
Too（太，过于）：I arrived too late and I missed the train.

0231 Words often misused and confused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a. Experience
Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences. 经历
This job requires a lot of experience. 经验
He is an experienced worker. 有经验的
b. Save
He saved money for years. 积攒
The young man dived into the river and saved the boy's life. 救
c. Work and Job
It was his job to repair bicycles. 工作
I've just found a new job. I begin work on Monday. 工作，上班

0232 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词 A and One

A detective watched a well-dressed woman.
One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop.
Compare
There is a boy in the classroom.
There is only one boy in the classroom. (And not two or more.)

0233 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a. Passed and Past
Nearly a week passed... 过了一周
He passed my house this morning. 动词，路过
He walked past my house. 介词，旁边
He told me about his past experiences. 形容词，过去的
He seems to live in the past. 名词，过去
b. Next and other
Early next morning she saw a light ahead. 第二天凌晨
We arrived in Paris on Tuesday evening. The next day we went sightseeing. 第二天
I saw Mary the other day. (A few days ago) 日前

0234 Call

Read these sentences. Each sentence contains the verb call. The verb has a different meaning in each sentence:
细读以下句子，每句中均有动词 call，但意义不同。 * He was asked to call at the station. 拜访 * He called out to me but I did not hear him. 大声喊 * I called on George yesterday. (I paid him a short visit.) 拜访 * She'll call you up tomorrow. (She will telephone you.) 给你打电话 * It began to rain so we called off the match. (We canceled it.) 取消

0235 So and Such

Study these examples: * The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. * He was so tired that he could not wake up. * You should not speak to such people. (People of this sort.) * You mustn't be so impatient.

0236 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Watch, Look at, Follow.
Watch (something happening) 观看（正在发生的事）：Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously.
Look at 看：Look at the blackboard. Look at your book. Look at this picture.
Follow (go after) 跟随：I followed my mother into the kitchen.
Solid, Firm, Stable.
Solid (not liquid) 固定的：She will not eat any solid food..
Firm
- (not loose) 稳固的：I've fixed that hook. It is firm now.
- (not doubtful) 无疑的：He gave me a firm refusal. 断然拒绝
- (not lenient) 严格的：You must be very firm with that child.
Stable (often describing character) 坚定的：He is a very stable person.

0237 Hold and Look

a. Hold The Olympic Games will be held in our country.
This verb may be used in the sense of 'conduct', 'observe' or 'celebrate'.
这个动词可以用来表示进行、纪念或庆祝的意思。
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 举行
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject. 开一次会
The next conference will be held in Geneva.
b. Look
The verb look has a different meaning in each sentence:
动词 look 在下面每句话中有不同含义：
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) 盼望着：I am looking forward to the summer holidays.
Look out (be careful) 当心：Look out! A bus is coming.
Look up
- (get information from a reference book) 查阅：I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary.
- (visit) 拜访：Don't forget to look me up when you return.

0238 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a. No sooner ... than（一……就）hardly ... when（几乎未来得及……就……）
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
b. Country（国家，乡间）Countryside（农村）
He had planned to settle down in the country.
He sold the house and left the country.
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful.
c. Continuously（连续不断地）Continually（频繁地）
It rained continually. (i.e. At frequent intervals.)
The river flows under this bridge continuously. (i.e. It does not stop at all.)

0240 Make and Do

a. Make
I tried to make conversation. （找个话题）聊聊
When she had made the beds she went downstairs. 整理床铺
You mustn't make so much noise. 制造噪音；这么喧闹
I made a promise never to see him again. 发誓
He's the sort of person who always makes trouble. 制造麻烦；闹事
He is learning English but he hasn't made much progress. 进步
He made a lot of money in South America. 赚钱；发财
I was asked to make a speech. 演说
I'll never make the same mistake again. 犯错
I found it difficult to make up my mind. 下决心
b. Do
He always does his best. 尽力而为
When did you do your homework? 做作业
Do me a favour please. 帮忙
I did a few jobs about the house. 做家务
I can't do any more work today. 做更多活
I want you to do Exercise 24 on page 16. 做练习24
I did a lot of shopping yesterday. 买了很多东西
That shop does very good business. 生意很好

0241 Remark, Observe, and Notice

'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked. 评论，发表意见
'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I observed. 评论
He observed me carefully. (He looked at me.) 看着我
Did you notice how she was dressed? 注意到

0243 Phrases with At 含有 at 的词组

At first Byrd and his mem were able to take photographs. 首先，开始
Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two food sacks. 马上，立即
Billy is at home at present. He's at school. 不在家；现在；在学校
After walking for several hours, we arrived at the village at last. 最后，最终
It's a pity you can't come to the concert. At any rate you'll be able to hear it on the radio. 不管怎么说，无论如何，不管怎样
I know he's often rude to people, but he's a very pleasant person at heart. 本质上，（某人）真正的样子
I didn't know you wouldn't be coming. At least you could have telephoned me. 至少
He behaves very strangely at times. 有时
I don't know what I can do about it. I'm completely at a loss. 一点主意也没有了，不知所措，不知说（做）什么

0244 Catch and Run

When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down. (When she reached them...)
They dropped the bag and ran away.

0245 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Steal and Rob
Steal (something from someone or somewhere) 偷（从某人或某处）：A thief broke into the building last night and stole some money from the safe. 从保险箱中偷走了一些浅。
Rob
- (someone of something) 抢（某人的某物）：Two thieves attacked him last night and robbed him of all his money. 抢走了他的全部钱财。
- (a building, a bank, a house, etc.) （大楼、银行、房子等等）：The police have caught the men who robbed the back. 抢银行
b. Pay back
All Sam's money was paid back. (It was repaid.) 还了回来
I'll pay you back for what you did to me. (I'll get my revenge on you for what you did to me.) 你对我这样，我一定会报仇的。

0250 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Lose, Loose, Miss
I don't like losing my way. 迷路
Take care not to lose your passport. 丢
Several screws have come loose. I'll have to tighten them. 松了
We haven't seen you for a long time. We have missed you. 想念
We must hurry or we'll miss the train. 误了，错过
b. Expect and Wait for
My trip took me longer than I expected. 预计，预期
I am expecting Jack to arrive at six o'clock, but I shall not wait for him if he is not here by 6.15. 期待 —— 等待

0251 Verbs often confused 经常容易混淆的动词

a. Raise and Rise (vt. and vi.)
That boy always raises his hand when I ask question. 举手
That shelf was too low so we raised it a few inches. 抬高了几英寸
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year. 上升
I always rise at six o'clock. 起床
After the concert, everybody rose and clapped. 起立
The sun has just risen. 升起
b. Lay and Lie (vt. and vi.)
Lay those parcels on the floor, please. 放在
Where's my book? I laid it on that shelf a moment ago. 放在
Haven't you laid the table yet? 把桌子摆好
It's nice to get up in the morning, but it's nicer to lie in bed. 躺
I lay in bed till 10 o'clock last Sunday morning. 躺
The children are playing a game. They've all just lain on the grass. 躺
c. Beat and Win
Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday.
Arsenal won the game.

0252 I have been working hard all morning. 形容词和相应的副词

Compare these pairs of sentences: * She has a beautiful voice. She sings beautifully. 嗓音好。动听。 * He is a slow worker. He works slowly. * He is a hard worker. He works hard. * He is fast driver. He drives fast.

Now compare these pairs of sentences: * The train arrived very late. 晚 * Have you travelled by train lately? 最近 * He worked very hard. 努力 * He hardly ever does any work. 几乎不 * The plane flew very high. 高 * He thinks very highly of me. 评价很好 * He made sure it was safe before he went near. 近 * He was nearly run over by a car. 差一点儿

0253 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Throw to, THrow at, and Throw away
Forest fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 扔掉
He threw the ball to me and I caught it. 把球扔给我
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it. 向窗户扔
b. Quite and Quiet
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 相当，十分
The class kept very quiet during the lesson. 安静
c.Cause and Reason
A fireman discovered the cause of the fire.
What caused the fire?
That is the reason why he left.
I reasoned with for hours, but I couldn't persuade him to change his mind. 劝了
d. Drop and Fall
A bird had dropped the snake on the wires. 扔，丢
He fell down the stairs and broke his leg. 摔，跌

0255 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

I use, I am used to, I used to
The machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where - it is said - pirates used to hide gold. 被用于；被用于；过去常常
I am used to staying up late. 习惯于
I am used to looking after myself. 习惯于
She didn't like this district at first, but she is used to it now. 习惯了

0256 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a. Handsome, Beautiful, Pretty, Good-looking
He is a very handsome young man. 清秀，英俊，漂亮
She used to be very pretty as a child. She is now a beautiful woman. 好看；漂亮
She's a very good-looking girl, and her boyfriend's good-looking too. 好看的
b. Reach and Arrive in/at
The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour. 达到了
Will you pass me that book please? I can't reach it. 我够不着。
We arrived in New York yesterday. We arrived at the station in good time. 到达纽约；到站
c. Take Part and Take Place
It was the oldest car taking part. 参与，参赛
The next race will take place in a year's time. 举行

0257 Make and Let

She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
I can't make him change his mind.
The teacher made the boy write the exercise again.
Don't let him persuade you.
Let me try.
Don't let the children touch anything in this room please.

0258 Verbs often confused 经常容易混淆的动词

a. Increase and Grow
The number of visitors to Frinley has now increased/grown.
She has grown so much. She is nearly as tall as I am.
b. Gain and Earn
It has gained/earned an evil reputation.
He has gone abroad and I hear he is earning a lot of money.
c. Pick and Cut
The tourists have been picking the leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
She was picked a lot of flowers.
She cut the apple in two.

0259 To, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that 表示目的的几种方式

Note the way these pairs of sentences have been joined:
注意下面各对句子连接的方法。 * He ran to the station. He wanted to catch the train. * He ran to the station to catch the train. * I told him about it. I wanted to help you. * I told him about it in order to help you. * I opened the door quietly. I did not want to disturb him. * I opened the door quietly so as not to disturb him. * He works hard. He wants to pass his exams. * He works hard in order that he may pass his exams. * He left the letter on the table. He wanted me to see it. * He left the letter on the table in order that might(should) to see it. * He was barking. He wanted someone to let him out. * He was barking so that someone to let him out. * He sent a fax. He wanted his mother to learn the good news. * He sent a fax in order that his mother might(should) to learn the good news. * He sent a fax for his mother to learn the good news.

0260 At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller.

Instead of saying	It is better to say
We went to the fair in the village.	We went to the village fair.

0261 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Nouns: Cost, Price, Value
The Hubble was launched at a cost of over a billion dollars. 耗资
How much is that blouse? Let's ask the price. 价钱
The stolen items were of sentimental, rather than financial value. 价值
b. Verbs: Cost, Price, Value
What does this blouse cost, please? 花费
I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any. 打听价格
I value your advice a great deal. 尊重

0262 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Control and Check
He controls a large business company. 掌控
A mechanic checked my car engine. 检查
b. Great and Bid
The Parthenon is a great building. (An important building.) 重要的
Skyscrapers are big buildings. 高大的
Soil and Ground
Olive trees can grow in poor soil. 贫瘠的土壤
The ball fell to the ground. 地面

0264

The verb draw has a different meaning in each of these sentences.
动词 draw 在以下句子中的含义各不相同。 * If a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 抽进隧道 * The dog draw back in terror when it saw the snake. 退了回来 * A taxi drew up outside the bank. (It stopped.) Two men got out and then the taxi drew off. (It went away.) 停；开走了 * A new trading agreement was drawn up between Holland and Denmark. (A new agreement was made.) 签署

0265

a. The verb let has a different meaning in each of these sentences. Study them carefully.
动词 let 在以下句子中含义各不相同，仔细阅读以下例句。
As he has a good record, we shall let him off this time. (We shall not punish him.) 饶了他
I expected him to help me, but he let me down. (He failed to do what I expected him to do.) 使我感到失望
If anyone knocks at the door when I am out, don't let him in. 让他进来
Who let the dog out? 放出去了
b. Agree and Accept
Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move.
We are not allowed to accept presents from customers.
c. Dress up and Dress
Dressed up as Father Christmas... 打扮成
I got up at 6 o'clock, washed, shaved, dressed and had breakfast.

0266 A group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane repaired.

Collective noun + singular or plural verb.
集合名词与连用动词的单数或复数形式。当我们把这个名词当作一种非人格的东西看待时，即当作一个整体，连用的动词应为单数。当我们把这个名词人格化时，即看作组成整体的若干人时，连用的动词应为复数。 * The national team is travelling to London tomorrow. 国家代表队 * The team are all highly talented young people. 全队人员 * The audience is made up of school children. 观众 * The audience were spellbound by the magic of the performance. 观众们

0267 Phrases with say and tell 带 say 与 tell 的短语

a. Say
Did he say anything to you about it? No, he said nothing.
He knelt down and said his prayers. 作祷告
If you want some more cake, please say so. 说一声
I'm sure it would help if you could say a good word for him. 说句好话
He said goodbye and left. 告辞
Please say no more about it. 不要再说这件事了
b. Tell
He has been able to tell us more about volcanoes...
Can you tell me anything about it?
Please tell us a story.
Can you tell me time in English?
I want you to tell me the truth.
He often tells lies.
If you promise not to tell anyone, I'll tell you a secret.
Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris? 区分

0269 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Practice, Advice
He still needs a lot of practice.
He practises the piano every day.
I want to give you some advice.
What do you advise me to do?
b. Enjoy, Entertain and Amuse
I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
He entertained me to dinner. 请吃饭
He entertained everybody with his clever tricks. 使大家高兴
The children were amused by the circus clown. (They laughed.)
His funny stories amused us all. (They made us laugh.)
That child can amuse himself for hours playing in the san. (He can pass his time happily.)

0271 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Official， Employee, Shop assistant
Official from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 官员们
The Customs official asked me several questions. 海关官员
Over a thousand factory employees went on strike. 工人
She works as a shop assistant in a clothing store. 店员
Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged
A painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hands. 挂
When the sun came out, she hung the washing on the time. 挂晾
The murderer was hanged. 绞死

0274

The verb get has a different meaning in each of these sentences.
在以下句子中，动词 get 有各种不同的词义。 * Now you get out of here, all of you! 走开 * The door is locked. I can't get out. 出去 * I've lost my key. I can't get into the house. 进 * How is he getting on in his new job? (How is he progressing?) 他的这份新工作干得怎么样？ * Get on with your work. (Continue...) 继续 * He's so difficult, I can't get on with him. (We are not on good terms.) 和他相处 * Tom was punished, but Jim got off lightly. (He escaped punishment.) 逃脱 * I can't get the cap of his pen off. (I can't remove it.) 取下 * He has now got over his illness. (He has recovered.) 从病中恢复 * I want to get this interview over as quickly as possible. (I want to finish it.) 结束 * He got through his exams. (He succeeded in passing his exams.) 通过了 * He got through a huge amount of food. (He succeeded in eating...) 吃完了

0275 When it grew dark...

Study the verbs in italics. They are all used in the sense of the verb become.
注意用斜体印出的动词，它们均有“变成”的意思。 * He grew (or got) angry when I told him about it. 变得 * The leaves are turning (or getting) yellow. 变黄 * This apple has gone bad. 苹果坏了 * Coal got scarce last winter. 变得 * Everything you said come true. 成了现实；实现了 * She fell ill while she was on holiday. 生病了

0276 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Usual and Usually
Harvesting has begun earlier than usual. 比平时，比去年
He usually gets up at six o'clock. 通常
b. Between（在[两者]之间） and Among（在[三者或三者以上]之中）
Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of macaroni.
Tom sat between Jill and Jennifer.
The Prime Minister was among those present.
You'll find it somewhere among those newspaper.
c. Manager（经理）, Director（主任）, Headmaster（校长）
Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory.
Mr. Jones is the director of several companies.
Who is the headmaster of this school?

0277 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. B.C. and A.D.
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. ...
Julius Caesar died in 44 B.C.
William the Conqueror invaded Britain in 1066 A.D.
b. Skin（皮肤）, Leather（皮革）, Complexion（肤色）
Hard resin covered the skin.
This briefcase is made of leather.
Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.
Wax（蜡）and Candle（蜡烛）
a samll wax figure of the god Duamutef.
The lights went out so we lit candles.

0278

The verb keep has a different meaning in each of these sentences. * My friends kept on offering me cigarette. 持续不断地 * Please keep off the grass. (Do not walk on it.) 践踏 * He kept away from the party. (He did not come.) 避开了 * Under my essay, the teather wrote, 'Good work! Keep it up!' (Continue making an effort.) 继续努力 * He ran so fast, I could not keep up with him. (I could not remain beside him.) 跟不上 * A big notice on the door said, 'Keep out!' (Do not come in.) 切勿入内！ * The cat was kept in during the fireworks.(It was made to stay indoors.) 关到了屋里

0279

The verb take has a different meaning in each of these sentences. * After taking off, we were flying over the city... 起飞 * He took off his coat. 脱下 * He is always taking his teacher off. (He is always making fun of him by imitating him.) 模仿 * Young Tom takes after his father. (He resembles his father.) 长得像 * That wardrobe takes up a lot of place. (It occupies a lot of space.) 占地方 * He has taken up French. (He has begun to learn French.) 开始学 * When his wife died, he took to drinking. (He started drinking and it became a habit.) 染上酗酒的习惯 * He was so persuasive that I was taken in. (I was deceived.) 被骗了 * The reporter took down everything I said. (The reporter wrote...) 记下了 * That business was doing very badly until Jones took over. (He became in charge of it.) 接管

0280 Phrases with on 带 on 的短语

There was also a great deal of machinery on display. 展出
The most wonderful piece of machinery on show... 展出
He has gone to Frankfurt on business. 因公，出差
I didn't catch the bus. I came here on foot. 走来的；步行
I asked to see the officer on duty. 值班
On the whole, it has been a very successful year. 总的来说
Look at that smoke. That building must be on fire. 着火
I don't think it was an accident. He did it on purpose. 故意的
On the average, I make six telephone calls a day. 平均
You mustn't on any account sign the contract before you read it. 无论如何，不管怎么样
I know I had agree to let you go to the cinema, but on second thoughts, you should stay at home and finish your homework. 经过重新考虑，再次考虑后

0281 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Cloth, Clothing, Clothes.
He soon changed into the dead man's clothes. 衣服
I wanted to have a suit made so I bought three and half a yard of cloth. 布料
You should give all this old clothing away. 衣物
b. Salute, Greet.
He stood to attention and saluted as they passes. 敬礼
He went to the station to greet his friend.迎接
c. Clear, Clean.
He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes. 明亮的
The water in the stream was very clear. 清澈的
His instructions were very clear. (They were easy to understand.) 清楚的
We can cross now. The road is clear. 没车，畅通的
She keeps her house very clean. 干干净净的

0282 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

a. Laugh and Laugh at.
Though people have often laughed at stories told by seaman... (People have made fun of) 付诸一笑
Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance. 笑了
b. Wash and Wash up.
Unusual creatures are washed to the shore. (They are carried to the shore by water.) 冲
I must wash my hands. They are very dirty. 洗
Have you ever seen a cat washing itself? 洗澡
The man was washed overboard by a big wave. 卷入水
I'll wash up tonight. (I'll wash the dishes.) 洗碗

0283 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Temper and Mood 脾气和情绪 * This time, the policeman lost his temper. (He got angry.) 发脾气 * Keep your temper! (Don't get angry!) 不要发火！ * After what happened last night, I was surprised to find that he was in such a good temper this morning. (He was not angry.) 情绪很好 * You should apologize to him. He's in a very bad temper. (He is angry.) 非常生气 * Don't disturb him. He's in a very bad mood. (He is not cheerful, but not necessarily angry.) 心情不好。 * I'm in the mood for a drive into the country. (I would very much like to go for a drive into the country.) 想去

0284

Study the word order in the following sentences.
注意以下句子中的语序。 * People are going to find it difficult to get to work. * He thought it easy to pass the examination. * He considered it wrong that she should have to wait. * I feel it right that he should be punished. * I think it wrong for people to behave like that.

0285 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Too（太，过分）and Enough（足够，十分） * One is never too old to learn. * It is too difficult for me to understand. * It is easy enough for me to understand.

0286 Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词

Enough and Fairly * They had just had enough time to swim out of danger. * Your work is not good enough. * I missed the train this morning. I didn't get up early enough. * I didn't buy enough sugar. * There are enough flowers in that vase. * George is a fairly tall person but still not tall enough to get into the police force. 相当高 * I knew he's a fairly good player, but he doesn't play well enough to get into the team. 相当好

0288

The verb run has a different meaning in each of these sentences.
以下句子中动词 run 有不同的含义。 * They are running out of food. (They have already used up all their supplies.) 用光，用尽，吃光。 * A crowd of boys ran after the beggar. (They chased the begger.) 追 * That boy was nearly run over by a car. (The car nearly hit him.) 轧着，撞着 * Don't drive so fast. This car hasn't been run in yet. (The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine.) 磨合，试过 * I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden. (I met her by accident.) 偶遇

0289 Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词

a. Free and Single
People will do anything to see a free show. 免费
The people are free to choose who will govern them. 自由
Is she still single? I thought she was going to get married last April. 单身
b. Queue and Row
We had to queue for hours to get in. 排队 verb
There was a long queue outside the cinema. 队列 noun
I enjoyed the performance because I had a very good seat in the fifth row. 排
c. Funny
The only funny things we heard that evening... 有趣的
There's something funny about this house. (Something peculiar.) 古怪的

0290 Two words joined by 'and' + singular or plural verb 用 and 连接的两个名词以及后面的动词单数或复数形式

有些用 and 相连的名词常在一起使用。当我们把它们看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果我们把它们看成分开的东西，动词就用复数形式。 * Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain. * Jane and Keith have always been good friends of ours.

0291

The verb make has a different meaning in each of the following sentences. Study them carefully.
在下面的句子中，动词 make 有不同的含义。细读以下句子。 * A balloon seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station. (It seemed to be travelling towards...) 走向，飞向。 * He could make out three men in a basket. (He could see.) 看出，辨认出。 * I could not make out what he said. (I could not understand.) 理解。 * Please make out a fresh copy. (Write out another one.) 重写。 * He made up a story about two men and a horse. (He invented.) 编造。 * She spends hours making up in front of mirror. (She uses cosmetics.) 化妆。 * I must make up for the time I lost this morning. (I must compensate for...) 补上。

0292

'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.'
'So do I,' answered the policeman. * He reads a lot and so do I. * He doesn't read much and neither do I. * He can swim and so can I. * He can't swim and neither can I.

0293 Sterss 重音

The Statue of Liberty was a present from the French people.
It was presented to the United States of America.

In the first sentence, present is a noun and the accent falls on the first syllable: /'prezent/
在第 1 个句子里，present 是一个名词，重音落在第一个音节上；
In the second sentence, present is a verb and the accent falls on the second syllable: /pri'zent/

Here are some common words which are stressed in the same way:
以下词均有两种不同的重度方法： * accent, conduct, contest, contrast, export, import, increase, insult, produce, protest, record, transport.

0301

过去曾有一种传统的规定，认为英文句子不允许以介词结尾。现在，这种所谓的禁忌早已破除。在现代英语中，除正体书面语体外，以介词结尾的句子很多，在口语中更为常见。 * Where had it come from?

Instead of saying	It is better to say
About whom are you talking?	Who(m) are you talking about?
That is the film about which I told you.	That is the film I told you about.

0302 Phrases with In

'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise. 惊讶地
Please write in ink, not in pencil. 用钢笔，用铅笔
We have a great deal in common. 共同点
The swimmer seemed to be in difficulty, but he managed to reach the shore in the end. 处境困难；终于，最终
I didn't feel well so I spent the day in bed. 在床上
We have received fifty applications in all. 总计
The thieves were disturbed and left in a hurry. 赶快
I can't borrow any more money; I'm already in debt. 负债
Marry's in love with a sailor. 恋爱
There wasn't a person in sight. 在视野中
He didn't realize that he was in danger. 处于危险之中
The little boy was in tears. 含着泪

0303 Words often misused and confused

a. Happen
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. (By chance.) 碰巧，偶然地
I happened to find the ticket in my pocket. (By chance.)
It happened that I found the ticket in my pocket. (By chance.)
I couldn't find out what had happened. (What had taken place.) 发生
b. Storey and Story
Houses - often thress storeys high - were built of stone. 楼层
c. Worship and Warship
The temple ... was used as a place of worship. 崇拜
The Arethusa used to be a warship. 军舰

0304

a. 间接宾语
Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife.
He explained the difficulty to me.
I described the scene to my wift.
He said nothing to me about it.
Did you suggest this idea to me?
I confided the secret to my sister.
b. Words often misused: Worth
His rise in status is well worth the loss of money. worth + noun
That film is not worth seeing. worth + verb-ing

0305 Not only had the poort man been arrested...

在英语中，如果表示否定的副词或者副词词组放在句首，就必须后接“助动词+主语+句子其他部分”。这种倒装结构特别用来加强语气。 * I have never seen so many people. * Never have I seen so many people. * I had hardly finished speaking when the door opened. * Hardly had I finished speaking when the door opened.

0306 Word building

It was possible to stop the thieves.
It was impossible to stop the thieves.

We can add dis-, in-, im-, un-, il- or ir- to certain words to make opposites.

0307 John runs a successful furniture business. 名词和相对应的形容词

His business is a success. He runs a successful business.
He's a bit of a fool. He often makes foolish decisions.
She has a lot of energy. She's very energetic.
The clock strikes at intervals of an hour. It strikes at hourly interval.
You didn't take any care with this. You were completely careless.

0308 The dogs are still sent out into the snow whatever a traveller is in difficulty

请记住，ever 有时可同 who, what, when, where 等一起构成代词或者连词，用来加强句子（特别是疑问句）的语气。 * He did what I asked him to do. * He did whatever I asked him to do. * Who told you that? * Whoever told you that? * I'll tell you when you make a mistake. * I'll tell you whenever you make a mistake. * Where has he gone? * Wherever has he gone?

0309 ... New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study 形容词的位置

This study of cats is so interesting.
It's such an interesting study.
These studies of cats are so interesting.
They're such interesting studies.
They found it so difficult to study the behaviour of cats.
They had such difficulty studying the behaviour of cats.

0310 Word Building 构词法

在动词后面加上后缀 -er, -ist, -ness, -ion 或 -ity 往往可以组成名词。 * He works hard. * He is a hard worker. * He plays the violin. * He is a violinist. * He is very careless. * I have never seen such carelessness. * Can you explain this? * Can you give me an explanation? * He has a responsible position. * He has a lot of responsibility.

0311 Capital letters 大写字母

Now how capital letters have been used in these sentences: * The train came into the station. It arrived at five o'clock. * George lives in Canada. He is Canadian. He is not an American. * I'll see you on Tuesday, January 14th. * Have you read Great Expectations?

0312 Wish and If only

在英语中，表示愿望可用动词 wish 或短语 if only。其中 wish 常指尚有可能发生的事情，而 if only 则强调所希望的状况并不存在。在 wish 和 if only 后面，要用过去时表示现在，用过去完成时表示过去。 * They wished they had stayed there longer. * I wish you would do as you are told. * If only the weather would change. * I wish she could see me now. * I wish I had more time to spare. * If only you would try a little harder! * I wish I hadn't said anything about it. * If only we could have gone to the party! * I wish you hadn't spent so much money.

0313 It would be comfortable to wear. 形容词+动词不定式

Instead of saying: I was sorry when I learnt that he had had an accident.
We can say: I was sorry to learn that he had had an accident. * He was delighted to learn that his offer had been accepted. * I was glad to hear that he had arrived. * I was pleased to hear that you now feel better. * He was anxious to leave early.

0314 People would rather pay large sums of money than...

Instead of saying	We can say
I prefer to wait here.	I would rather wait here. I would sooner wait here.
I prefer not to wait here.	I would rather not wait here I would sooner not wait here.
It would be better if he waited here.	I'd rather he waited here.
It would be better if he didn't wait here.	I'd rather he didn't wait here.

0315 Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. up 的用法

We drove up to the farmhouse.
The children ran up the garden path to greet their father.
I didn't like my composition so I tore it up.
He has built up a large collection of stamps.

0316 He had better return it.

Instead of saying	We can say
It would be advisable for you to leave now.	You had better leave now.
It would not be advisable for you to telephone him.	You had better not telephone him.

0317 He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. 动词不定式

Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for you.
We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for you.

0318 Spelling

Note the spelling of the words in italics. * I'll pay the bill. He never pays his bills. * He owns a donkey. I own two donkeys. * You'll wake up the baby. Babies often cry. * Will he try again? He never tries very hard.

0319 The comma. 逗号的用法

After we had visited the market, we returned home.
Mr. Griffiths, the Prime Minister, said that his party would would win the next election.
I bought pens, pencils and paper.
It was raining heavily and I was sure no one would be at the race course. There were, however, hundreds of people there.
The small boat, which took eleven weeks to cross the Allantic, arrived at Plymouth yesterday.

0401

parts, places
Ancient rock paintings have been found in many parts of Spain and Portugal.
Of all the wonderful places in Italy, Florence and Venice are the two that most tourists wish to see.
history, story
We often know little about the history of our own times.
Climb into bed and I'll read you a bedtime story.
(a story is an account, often fictional, of what happened in someones's experience; history is a factual account of past public or universal events.)
wonder, wander
I wonder if we've made a mistake here.
I love wandering around second-hand bookshops.
like, as
There's no one like you.
Please do as I say.
find out, find
What we have to do now is find out why the accident happened.
I'm sure I've already paid this bill, but I can't find the receipt.
ancient, old
Property developers often have little regard for ancient/old buildings. (old in terms of time; ancient = old in terms of history)
World leaders are often old men.
Mr. Briggs is an old friend of mine. (= one I hav known for a long time.)
tool, instrument
We need some basic tools like a hammer and screwdriver.
A dentist's instruments need to be constantly sterilized.
stone, rock
The old church is full of beautiful stone sculptures.
Rocks had fallen from above, making the roads impassable.
skin, leather
I've such a bad skin, I'm always coming out in spots.
Shoes made of real leather have become so expensive.
the use of happen.
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago ...
He happened to be an archaeologist.
It happened that he knew the answer.

0402

all ... together, altogether
Let's sing it again. All together now!
As far as I am cooncerned, Frank's proposal is altogether nonsensical.
other, else
One of these blouses has buttons; the other hasn't.
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
the least, the last
He passed all his exams without seeming to make even the least effort.
She wouldn't marry him even if he was the last man on the planet.
harm, hurt
Fertilizers have done a lot of harm to the soil. The bad effects will last a long time.
I banged my arm against the door and hurt my self. My arm still hurts. It's very painful.
glance, glimpse
Would you mind having a glance at my essay before I hand it in?
I caught a glimpse of him as he walked past my window.
work, job
I'm looking for work as a journalist.
Have you been doing all this work on your own?
I'd like a job in TV. Are there any jobs in TV?
estimated, calculated
I estimate there must be at least eight hundred names on the list.
We've calculated the cost of a new office and it's more than we can afford.

0403

case, situation
Do you know the date of the last recorded case of smallpox?
The waiter brought me the bill and I didn't have enough money. I'd never been in such a situation before.
especially, specially
I think you'll find this article especially interesting.
I've had this area specially designed as a herb garden.
realize, understand
I hope you realize that you're making a big mistake.
I don't think I understand the meaning of the sentence.
except for, except
Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
coarse, course
He wore an old jacket made of coarse cloth.
In a French household, soup is generally the first course of the main meal of the day.
home, house
When I'm abroad, my thoughts are never far from home.
They live in a large house.
Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics:
They did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 特意去做
Please ask him to get out of the way; I can't get past. 让开，让路，不挡道
We bought a beautiful out-of-the-way cottage, miles from anywhere. 偏僻的
Please move that table. Can't you see it's in the way? 在路上，当道
I'll call in and see you on my way home from work. 在路上，前往……的路上
We must do this exercise in the way we have been taught. 按照……的方式

0404

normal, ordinary
I'm not looking for anything fancy, just a normal kettle.
I'm just an ordinary person.
skin, complexion
I got so sunburnt that my skin is peeling.
Drinking a lot of water is good for the complexion.
noticed, remarked
I've noticed that there are more butterflies this year.
'You're looking very well!' she remarked.
office, study
Reuters is a big news agency with offices all over the world.
I'll have a bigger study in my new apartment.
game, toy
Let's play a game of hide-and-seek.
Alice got a new toy for her birthday.
lack, need
His real problem is that he lacks confidence.
We need an hour to get to the airport.
wet, damp
Don't sit on that bench. The paint is still wet.
You shouldn't were that shirt if it's still damp.
Explain the expression in italics:
The newspapers were done up in bundles. 捆，包。
It's too late to save him now. He's done for. 即将送命，to be about to die or suffer very much because of a serious difficulty or danger
She'll never go back to her husband. She's done with him for good. 断绝关系，have done with, to end relations with
This room looks lovely now that we've done it up. 装饰，to repair or decorate a building so that it looks attractive
I wouldn't trust him if I were you. He once did me out of a lot of money. 骗走了
Explain the word figure in these sentences:
By moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it. 数字
I could make out the figure of a man on the bridge. 人影
She has such a beautiful figure, she could make a living as a model, I'm sure. 身材
Explain the expressions with make in these sentences:
She was able to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture. 识别出
The thief made off with quite a lot of money. 逃走
He's a strange fellow. I just can't make him out. 理解他 to see, hear, or understand something or someone with difficulty
Before he died, he made over all his money to his wife. 转移， legally transfer the ownership of it to them.
Are you any good at making up stories for children? 编造

0405

older, elder
I know both buildings are very old, but which one is older?
My elder brother is a doctor.
agree, accept
They invited me to their wedding and I've agreed to go. (agree to do something)
She offered me some clothes her children had grown out of and I accepted them. (accept + object = take what is offered)
But agree and accept are interchangeable in the text, as in these sentences:
I don't agree with your opinion/accept your opinion of the youth of this country. I agree/I accept that this is a difficult matter.
between, among
It's hard to choose between these two pictures. I like them both.
There are quite a few talented artists among the people I know.
please, beg
It pleases me to say you've got the job.
I begged the traffic-cop not to book me for speeding and he just laughed.
regard, look at
I don't regard a degree as a meal ticket for life.
Just look at those children picking for life.
interesting, interested
I found his talk very interesting.
I got interested in stamp collecting when I was a child.
exciting, excited
There are soem exciting items in the current fashion show.
We got excited when we thought we had won the lottery.
reason, cause
What was the reason for the delay?
The doctor recorded the cause of death as heart failure.
Explain these expressions with get:
Let us get down to fundamentals. 开始认真对待
The children are very quiet. I wonder what they're getting up to. 做
I can't see how we can get round this difficulty. 绕过，避开
I've been abroad three times this year. I get about quite a bit. 各处旅行，to travel to a lot of places
Hasn't she got over her illness yet? 从（疾病）中恢复过来
Don't think you'll get off so lightly if you're caught. 离开，脱身
It's your turn to do the washing up and it's no use your trying to get out of it. 逃避，摆脱
Note the phrase in italics:
He may be ill-mannered. 无礼的

0406

hear, listen
The walls of this house are too thin, you can hear the neighbours cought next door.
I often listen to music.
even, still
Mr. Wilks is not only working at the age of 95; he's even running a company.
Though he's 95, Mr. Wilks still plays bowls.
lead, guide
Walking just in front, and pausing to check everyone was following, the young man led them to the market place. (He went in front)
The doorman drew a quick sketch map to guide us through the narrow streets. (to show the way)
principle, principal
A good principle is not to borrow money you can't repay.
He has just been appointed principal of the college.
practise, practice
I practise lifting every day.
Your tennis will improve with practice.
However, in American English, both the noun and the verb are spelt practice.
win, beat
Tottenham won the Cup Final.
Tottenham beat Liverpool in the Cup Final.
lose, loose
Try not to lose your ticket.
The handle on this suitcase is very loose.
arise, arouse
A serious problem has arisen which will take time to solve.
His behaviour was arousing the inerest of his neighbours.
level, flat
Inflation had dropped to its lowest level in five years.
It is much easier to walk on the flat.
Explain the meaning of the word peoples in this sentence:
If only the common peoples of the world could meet. 各国民众
Compare these two expressions:
Instead of saying: The Olympic Games that were held in 1936 ...
We can say: The 1936 Olympic Games ...
Comapre these two sentences:
One could deduce it from general principles.
You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless opportunities you do your utmost to win.
Explain the words and phrases in italics:
It is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise. 为了好玩，乐趣
There was a lot of fun and laughter at the party. 嬉戏，乐趣
He didn't mean any harm; it was all in good fun. 很有趣
He's upset because everyone made fun of him. 取笑

0407

sound, echo
Don't make a sound, any of you!
The echo of the gunfire died away, and the valley was quite again.
discovery, invention
The discovery of oil in Alaska was a boon to the economy.
The invention of personal computer was a very important event in the second half of the twentieth century.
appreciation, estimation
He lacks a realistic appreciation of the situation.
In my estimation, you'll need twelve rolls of wallpaper.
obstruction, obstacle
There's an obstruction in the fuel pipe.
Fear of change is the greatest single obstacle to progress.
steer, drive
The captain steered his ship into the harbour.
It's quite possible to drive from Geneva to London in a day.
Explain the word experience in these sentences:
With experience it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish. 经验
He is a very experienced surgeon. 有经验的
It was one of the strangest experiences I have ever had. 体验
What does the phrase to tell if mean in this sentence:
It is now possible to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish. 分辨

0408

Explain the meaning of these phrases with way in these sentences:
We simply clean them in a different way. 一种不同的方式
I think they went this way. 这样的
I bought an evening paper on my way home. 到……的路上
In a way, I think you may be right. 在某种程度上
Could you move that step-ladder please? It's in my way. （挡住）我的去路
Explain the various uses of all sell in these sentences:
An electric razor must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the US. 销售
The house next door has been sold. 卖出去了
the flat upstairs is for sale. 出售，待售
I bought this coat quite cheaply in the sales. 特卖会，特价商品
I've been asking for a reasonable amount for my car, but it's still unsold. 未售出的，没卖掉的
Explain these phrases with time:
They hope to finish in time for a trade summit. 及时，尽早
I was on time for my appointment with my dentist. 按时
In times like these people become cautious about spending money. 时代
I'm glad I didn't live in the middle ages. In those times people died young. 那些时代
Fortunately, I was just in time to catch the last train home. 及时，恰好
I missed the celebrations in Hong Kong. I was in Singapore at that time. 在那个时间点

0409

wandering, wondering
I love wandering around second-hand bookshops.
I'm wondering if we've made a mistake here.
learned, taught
I learned to knit when I was eight.
Who taught you how to knit?
noticed, remarked
She noticed that several students seemed restless that morning.
He remarked, 'You look beautiful today.'
conquerors, winners
Military victories were celebrated by parading the defeated chiefs and princes in the streets of Rome,in a display of submission to their conquerors.
The Oxford team were the winners in last year's and Cambridge Boat Race.
force, strength
The captain called together a small force of hand-picked man. (= a group under orders)
The door was opened by force. (= the use of strength)
You need a great deal of strength to be a weight lifter. (= quality of being strong)
But force and strength are often interchangeable when followed by 'of the'
- The force/the strength of the wind was so great that the roof was blown off.
Explain the meaning of the verbs and expression in italics:
These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham ... 扎营，安顿好
Have you settled your account yet? 结算
They settled in Australia before the war. 定居
It's time we settled this question. 解决
He settled all his property on his life.
Note this compound with self:
The Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors.
Explain the words and expressions in italics:
The Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle. 适应
Does that coat fit you? 适合
I can't fit all these clothes into this suitcase. 装进去
He may win the race today. He's extremely fit and in good them. 健康的，健壮的
He wrote that book in a sudden fit of energy. 充满精力
It's a good idea, but it doesn't fit in with our plan. 符合，与……一致

0410

Suggest meaning for these combinations with set:
Alex Au has set up a Taiwan factory. 建立
The explorers set off at dawn. 出发
Winter has set in early this year. 来临
We'll have to set by some money if we want to buy a car. 保留 to save or keep for future use
What time do you set out tomorrow morning? 出发，开始做某事
If we all set to, we can finish this job in no time. 认真开始做

0411

Explain the meaning of since in these sentences:
Man will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. 因为
I have not seen him since last year. 自从……
Note the use of no longer and any longer in these sentences:
Others will carry on what I can no longer do.
Others will carry on what I cannot do any longer.

0412

current, currant
I can't keep up with current fashions.
Corinth produces some of the world's finest currants. 无核小葡萄干
lend, borrow
Can you lend me $20 please? I'll pay it back tomorrow.
Can I borrow $20 from you please.
in favour of, for the sake of
Are you in favour of the death penalty? 支持，赞同
They both endured a bad marriage for years for the sake of the children.
whether, weather
I don't know whether you've heard the news.
What's the weather like today?
loaded, laden
The camera has a sensor that flashes when a film has not been correctly loaded.
The poor woman was so laden with household shopping, she could hardly step up to get on the bus. 载满的
else, other
Take this back and exchange it for something else.
There must be other ways of approaching this problem.
specimen, example
The research collection at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew has six-and-a-half million dried plant specimens.
The fall of Rome in 410 AD is an example of how even the greatest empires decay.
customer, client
During the sales, the department stores are full of customers.
Small clients demand the same service from their bank as large clients.
cheque, check
You can pay by cheque if you want to. (British English)
You can pay by check if you want to. (American English)
adopted, adapted
We have adopted the same sort of assembly method they use in Japan.
We have adapted the assembly system they use in Japan to suit our circumstances here.
print, type
I'll print these letters on my laser printer.
I'll ask m secretary to type those letters for you.
Explain the meaning of the word account in these sentences:
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the back money. 账户
I can't settle my account until next month. 账目，结清帐
How do you account for his change of attitude? 解释
He gave an interesting account of this travels in China? 描述
Please don't go to all this trouble on my account. 缘由，为了我
Trains were delayed on account of the bad weather. 原因
Note that the verb obey is not followed by a preposition:
The bank must obey its customer's instructions.

0413

hole, whole
We'll just dig a hole in the ground and bury the box in it.
You have your whole life ahead of you.
engine, machine
A car like this needs a powerful engine.
How often should you equip a factory with new machine?
fit, suit
That jacket really fits you at the shoulders.
Pastel colours suit me.
clean, clear
Please hand me a clean towel.
You must never do that again. Is that clear?
control, check
OPEC no longer has control over the price of oil.
It's hard to keep a check on the number of people coming into the country.
Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics:
When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. 竖起，建造
It took them several hours to put out the fire. 扑灭
I won't put up with this sort of thing any longer. 忍受
Because of the bad weather, the match has been put off until next week. 推迟
Explain the meaning of the words or phrases in italics:
Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface. 一旦
I'm ashamed to say I've only been to the Louvre once. 一次
Once upon a time there was a poor woodcutter who lived in a forest. 从前
I see him once in a while. 偶尔
I'll come at once. 立即
All at once there was a loud explosion. 突然

0414

Explain the meaning of since in these sentences:
Some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. 因为
John feels much happier since he changed his job. 自从
Susan left in July and we haven't seen her since. 自从那之后
It hasn't stopped raining since eight o'clock this morning. 自从
Since you're so clever, see if you can solve the problem! 因为

0415

Explain the expression n italics in the following sentences:
In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out. 实施，执行
I think we can carry on without your help. 继续进行
The audience was completely carried away by the wonderful performance of the soloist. 迷住了
The government failed to carry through the new bill on housing in the House of Commons last night. 顺利实现，完成，贯彻，坚持到底
What do you understand of by the phrase in the italics:
They are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book. 某个，某某

0416

physiological, psychological
The doctor could not find any physiological cause of his illness.
John says he's got some sort of virus, but I'm sure it's psychological.
neglect, ignore
Heavy drinking is one reason why some people neglect themselves.
I won't accept any responsibility if you choose to ignore my advice.
modern, contemporary
The original supermarkets were small by modern standards.
I have no interest at all in contemporary Japanese prints.
earn, win
He earns nearly 45,000 dollars a year.
Who do you think will win the next election?
please, beg
It pleases me to say that we got what we wanted as a result of taking your advice.
I beg you to consider carefully before you make up your mind.
Explain the meaning of the verb crowd in these sentences:
Large masses of human beings are crowded together. 拥挤
When it began to rain, everyone crowded into the building. 挤进了大楼
He crowded a lot of information into the last chapter. 塞

0417

discovered, invented
Captain Cook discovered Antarctica when he was exploring the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Do you have any idea who invented the safety pin?
disease, decease
Poverty and disease usually go together.
A national crisis was caused by the sudden decease of the President. 死亡
basis, base
What's your basis for making such a decision?
The base of the memorial is engraved with the names of those who died.
apparent, obvious
It soon became apparent that our opponents were too strong for us.
It was obvious to the parents that Tom was lying.
acquired, obtained
He has acquired a fearsome reputation.
Further information can be obtained from the information centre.
degree, rank
To a certain degree, I accept the truth of what you say, even if I disagree with your conclusions. (degree = extent)
The campaign to protect the countryside involves people from all degrees of society, not just the landowning classes. (degree = social class)
What rank was your father when he was in the army? (rank = an official position on a scale)
Compare the use of spread in these two sentences:
It (the mosquito) effectively spread the disease all over the continent. 扩散
It (the disease) spread through France. 蔓延

0418

drown, choke
She must have swum too far out and drowned.
Something got stuck in my throat and I nearly choked.
unconscious, insensitive
Someone fainted on the train today and remained unconscious for several minutes.
The two mothers chatted happily, quite unconscious of what their children were planning.
You have to be completely insensitive to other people, to play loud music in the street in the middle of the night.
curiosity, strangeness
Curiosity killed the cat. (= wanting to know)
It took me a while to get used to the strangeness of my new school. (= the unfamiliar quality)
indignity, disrespect
Pink and embarrassed, she endured the indignity of being rescued from the mud in front of a party of tourists staring in silence.
To avoid and hint of disrespect, most countries sent their most senior officials to represent them at the President's funeral.
raise, rise
Increased sales tax will raise prices.
We rise at six in the morning.
game, play
Thousands of people packed the stadium to ss the game.
Which is your favourite Shakespeare play?
eventually, finally
Pneumonia eventually led to his death.
So you've finally decided to get married.
Explain the meaning of the words in italics:
The have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport. 可能的
It's rather unlikely that he will come now. 不可能的
That's a likely story, I must say. 可能的，似乎为真的
He's a likely person, I'm sure he'll help you. 可信的
Explain the verbs in italics:
They are constantly after the turtles. 追逐
The game is over. 结束了
You can't see him now. He's out. 他出去了
When will the he be back? 回来
Our team will not be playing next week. The match is off. 结束了
The fire is out. 熄灭了
What's on at the Regal today? 有什么活动？

0419

fairly, enough
The water is fairly warm.
The water is warm enough to swim in.
puzzling, confusing
The children showed a puzzling lack of curiosity about where their parents were.
The instruction are so confusing that I can't work out what they're saying.
factor, fact
The rise in crime is mainly due to social and economic factors.
It is a fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking.
Explain the meaning of the verbs in italics in these sentences.
William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements. 处理
We have been dealing with the same firm for a number of years. 打交道，做生意
He's an extremely difficult child. His father is the only person who knows how to deal with him. 对付
Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics in these sentences:
If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end ... 连续
It wasn't an accident. That window was broken on purpose. 故意
On the whole, business has been very good this year. 总的来说
The doctor's very tired. He's been on duty for fourteen hours. 值班
How many soldiers are on leave? 在休假，休假中
You mustn't open the door on any account when I'm out. 无论如何
It's getting late. I must be on my way. 在路上

0420

merely, only
I'm not blaming you. I'm merely trying to find out how this happened.
Only the head of the department can authorize a withdrawal from a course.
fierce, furious
You can see armed guards along the border accompanied by fierce dogs.
He was terribly annoyed. Indeed, he was furious.
take place, take part
All these events took place before you were born.
How many of you are taking part in the play?
prey, pray
The tiger seized its prey and tore it into pieces.
You've done your best. All you can do now is pray for success.
Explain the verbs in italics in the following:
How it came about that snakes manufacture poison is a mystery. 产生
I'm sorry I said that. I don't know what came over me. 影响了
He came up with some very interesting ideas. 提出
I came across an old friend of yours while I was abroad. 遇见

0421

appear, seem
Wayne Sleep is appearing in 'Song and Dance'. (= can be seen)
He appeared from nowhere. (= came into a view)
It appears/seems odd that he hasn't written to any of us. (= is or may be)
devise, device
Can you devise a solution to this problem?
An encephalograph is a device for measuring brain activity.
suspect, suspicious
Police blew up the suspect package.
If travellers look nervous, customs officers get suspicious.
memory, remembrance
My memory is not as good as it used to be.
This ring is the only remembrance I have of my grandmother.
history, story
We often know little about the history of our own times.
Climb into bed and I'll read you a bedtime story.
rob, steal
I lost my address book when the man robbed me of my bag.
The man who stole my handbag took my address book as well.
Note this use of unlike:
Unlike Gary Cooper nad John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.

0422

surely, certainly
Surely you can ride a bike!
I don't know how far it is to Edinburgh, but it's certainly a long way.
extraordinary, outstanding
Fancy meeting you here! What an extraordinary coincidence! (= unusual, surprising)
Sarah is a women of extraordinary ability.
Sarah's ability is quite outstanding. (= exceptional, possibly unique)
spectacle, view
The National Day parade was a magnificent spectacle.
We had a really good view of the beach from where we stayed.

0423

quite, quiet
I'm quite happy at my new school.
Please be quiet. I can't think with all that noise you're making.
wing, feather
He has a good collection of butterflies with beautiful markings on their wings.
Old-fashioned quill pens were made from strong goose feathers.
course, coarse
The ship had been blown off course in the storm.
He wore an old jacket made of coarse cloth.
Note how the words sort and kind can be used in the singular and in the plural:
No two sorts (or kinds) of birds practise quite the same sort (or kind) of flight.
Explain the meaning of rough and roughly in these sentences:
Two classes may be roughly seen. 大体上
The surface of this road is very rough. 高低不平，崎岖
Roughly six hundred people attended the meeting. 大约
Last night the sea was very rough. 波涛汹涌
Note how such as may be used to introduce an example:
Their humbler followers, such as partridges, ...

0424

unable, enable
I'll be unable to see you on Friday.
Money from his grandfather enabled him to further his education in the United States.
rouse, raise
If we're going to set out early, you'll have to rouse us at 6 in the morning.
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
lie, lay
Are you going to lie in bed all morning?
Please lay the book open on the dest.
indefinable, undefined
She felt a sudden indefinable sadness.
The relationship between them was undefined, but she might have been his wife, I'd guess.
vulgar, common
I wish you wouldn't use such vulgar expressions in your speech.
In this block we have a common responsibility for maintaining the staircase.

0425

regard, look at
I don't regard a degree as a meal ticket for life.
Just look at those children picking apples.
affect, effect
This hay fever is seriously affecting my work.
This hay fever is having a serious effect to my work.
plea, please
The accused man entered a plea of Not Guilty.
I only got married to please my parents.
objective, objection
I need an objective opinion from someone who is not involved. (adjective)
The objective of this meeting is to decide who will represent us on the Planning Committee. (noun)
If no one has any objection, I'll declare the meeting closed.
confirm, assure
I can confirm that door was locked. (= say it is true)
I went back to assure myself that I really had locked the door. (= make myself confident)
Explain the meaning of the verbs and expressions in italics:
It does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage - which really is a mental health hazard. 养大，培养，教育
The question was recently brought up in Parliament. 提出（问题等）
The boxer was knocked out in the first round. It took a long time to bring him round. 恢复知觉
The whole scene brought back the days of my children. 回忆起
Their wonderful performance brought down the house. 博得全场喝彩
Can you bring to mind what happened on the fourth of July? 想起
Difficult conditions will sometimes bring out a man's best qualities. 显现，使……更加突出

0426

favourable, favourite
The new film received favourable reviews.
What is your favourite dish?
alive, living
Be careful! That lobster is alive.
All living creatures need air and water.
avoid, prevent
Avoid travelling during the rush hour.
I can't prevent your going if you want to.
Explain the meaning of due to and due in these sentences:
It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive. 由于
The train is due to arrive in three minutes. 定于
Give the man his due, even if you dislike him. 应得的
Halifax lies due North from here. 正对着，朝着（副词）

0427

Explain the meaning of spread in these sentences:
The people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails. 扬帆
You should know better than to spread such rumours. 传播
Spread some jam on your bread. 涂
Help me to spread the tablecloth. 铺
Explain the meaning of produce in these sentences:
They had laboured fro three years to produce this floating work of art. 制作，建成了
The inspector asked me to produce my ticket. 出示
Who produced this play? 制作
This country does not produce enough wheat for its needs. 生产
Explain the meaning of the words in italics:
All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them. 窥视
I opened the door and peered into the darkness. 凝视
I've been so busy, I haven't even glanced at today's newspapers. 看一眼
I just caught a glimpse of a face at the window. 瞥见

0428

cease, seize
It rained all day without ceasing.
He seized her hand and dragged her into another room.
receive, take
When did you receive that letter?
He told me to take the keys from his pocket.
ask for, ask
The school is asking for contributions towards a new swimming pool.
'What time did the train arrive?' he asked.
advice, advise
She gave me some good advice about jobs.
She advised me about applying for jobs.
prescribed, proscribed
If these don't work, I may have to prescribe you something stronger.
Gambling was proscribed by the new government.
Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in italics:
The doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with with these requirements. 负责
The soldiers charged at the enemy. 冲锋
He was arrested and charged with murder. 指控
How much did they charge you for installing this boiler? 收取

0429

engineer, mechanic
It is every engineer's dream to design a machine that will use water as fuel.
Can I have word with the mechanic who serviced my car?
solution, solvent
The ozone layer is depleting and there's no easy solution to this problem.
Water is the commonest solvent.
Explain the meaning of the verbs in italics:
He had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads. 转向，转行
Please turn off the tap. 关
Aunt Matilda turned up unexpectedly last night. 出现
The soldiers marched to the other side of the park, turned about, and marched back. 掉头
Note the use of the verb ride in this sentence:
It crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves. 航行

0430

flat, level
In front of the hotel is a perfectly flat sandy beach. (= smooth without hollows and bumps)
You have to adjust it so that the front is level with the back. (= horizontal and in the same place)
disposal, disposition
Waster paper is one of the biggest problems in rubbish disposal.
This old house may be charming, but the disposition of the rooms is hardly ideal. (= the way they are placed)
Verity has a sweet disposition. (= nature, temperament)
worthy, valuable
Nothing particularly worthy of notice occurred during the two following days.
I won't waster any more of your valuable time.
confirm, assure
Overnight reports of an explosion were officially confirmed the next day.
The police assured us that everything that could be done had been done.
rugged, ragged
North Cornwall has a rugged coastline, with high cliffs.
The begger slept on a pile of ragged blankets.
Explain the meaning of the word feature in these sentences:
A burst of activity soon confirmed the existence of underwater features of considerable magnitude. 特征
I never enjoy feature films. 故事片
The present world tour of the President of the United States is featured prominently in all today's newspapers. 重要位置 (of a newspaper or magazine article, broadcast program, or show) made a special attraction
I hardly recognized him when I saw him again: his features have changed with the years. 特征

0431

appreciation, estimation
I wish to express my appreciation of the numerous courtesies extended to me by the company.
Your estimation of the time needed seems about right. (= approximate calculation, judgment)
distinguish, perceive
We have to distinguish carefully between fact and legend.
I don't perceive any improvement in the economy.
depth, deeps
What depth is this well?
Up till now, we have known more about Space than about the deeps/depths of the oceans on this planet.
displace, replace
Coal is being displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.
They are replacing the old windows with double glazing.
single, unique
There is not a single public phone in the village.
Each person's fingerprints are unique.
Explain the meaning of the word form in these sentences:
It is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms. 形状
A new golf club has just been formed in our district. 成立
How many children are there in your form? 组织，班
I don't feel like playing tennis. I haven't been in very good form lately. 状态
There were not enough chairs to go round so we had to sit on forms. 长板凳
Would you please fill up this form? 表格

0432

plane, plain
The problem of drawing this on paper is the problem of representing a three-dimensional object in a single plane.
The mountain rises sharply from the plain.
popular, folk
You can always hear a lot of popular songs on radio request programs.
Some composers like Bartok made use of folk music.
sympathy, affection
Those children need a lot more than sympathy now that they've lost their mother.
His affection for his family is obvious.
blame, accuse
Don't blame me for our missing the train. You didn't allow enough time.
He was falsely accused of stealing.
refuse, deny
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused.
The secretary denies all knowledge of the missing letter.
scratch, scrape
You're bound to get one or two scratches in the paintwork as soon as you begin using the car. (= lines that make the surface imperfect)
We listened to the scrape of heavy furniture being dragged across the floor upstairs. (= the process of one thing being pushed across the another roughly)
Explain the meaning of the verb settle in these sentences:
Have you settled down in your new house yet? 安顿
I settled down in an armchair to read a book. 坐
I shall settle my account next week. 结算，结账
We must settle this problem once for all. 解决
His ancestors settled in Boston in eighteen fifties. 定居
Explain the verbs in italics:
To use a telescope calls for long experience. 需要
I'll call on you on my way home from work. 拜访
I'll call you up at the office tomorrow morning. 打电话
It's impossible to have a party tomorrow. Why don't we call the whole thing off? 取消，终止
May I leave this suitcase here? I'll call for it later. 过来取
I think you'd better call in a doctor. 请来

0433

opportunity, chance
Our holiday gave us a chance/an opportunity of getting fit.
Book now, or you won't have a chance of getting a seat.
We met by chance at London Airport.
potential, potent
Think of him as a potential friend rather than an alarming stranger.
The film is full of potent images of war.
imaginable, imaginative
Posters were plastered on every imaginable surface.
Congratulations on finding such an imaginative solution to the problem.
tribe, race
The Seringa tribe will be wiped out by the construction of the new dam.
Global warming poses a threat to the survival of the human race.
compulsory, necessary
In China, education is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 15.
Is it necessary to wear a tie?
Explain the meaning of the words in italics:
Our spiritual outlook would be different. 面貌
He's usually such a quiet person. I can't account for this outburst, can you? （尤指愤怒情绪的）爆发
There was an outbreak of dysentery among the troops. （尤指疾病、危险或不快之事的）发作，暴发
One unexpected outcome of the new policy has been a fall in prices. 结果

0434

enough, fairly
The water is warm enough to swim in.
The water is fairly warm.
loss, lose
Our company made a big loss last year.
Try not to lose your ticket.
descent, decent
The pilot managed an emergency descent and landed in a field.
Decent citizens have nothing to fear from this legislation.
belief, loyalty
Try to have more belief in your own ability.
Family loyalty makes it impossible for him to say anything negative about his relations.
grow up, grow
What do you want to do when you grow up?
Livia grows all her own vegetables.
hurt, pain
I'm sorry if I hurt your feeling.
I banged against the table and hurt my knee.My knee hurts.
I had such a pain in the stomach after eating oysters.
refusal, denial
A journalist's refusal to identify his source of information has landed him in prison before now.
He gave the statement an unqualified denial.
The journalist's denial that he had handled stolen documents was not believed at the inquiry.

0435

industrial, industrious
Japan is an industrial nation.
The Japanese people are very industrious.
supplying, providing
Who supplies you with fresh vegetables?
Our parents provided us with everything we needed while we were growing up.
less, lesser
His new novel had less success than expected.
This is a lesser problem compared with pollution.
bound, bounds
A great black dog came bounding out towards us.
There are no bounds to his ambition.
bind, bound for
Don't bind that so tight. A bandage bound as tight as that will restrict the patient's circulation.
Where are you bound for? - I'm off to Scotland for a week.
fly, flow
It's hard to imagine that anyone could fly some of the old planes you see in museums.
Originally, the river flowed several miles north of this point.
idea, ideal
Whose idea was it that we should invite him?
You'll find an ideal place for a picnic on the other side of the lake.
at least, at last
There isn't much news about the missing climbers, but at least we know they're safe.
After days of anxiety, at last we learnt the climbers were safe.

0436

earnings, profits
The foreign earnings of the company this year are down because of the high exchange value of the dollar. (= money from work or trade)
Our profits figure for the current year will be sharply reduced by provision for bad debts arising from war in Africa. (= money earned from trade after all costs have been deducted)
watch, follow
I'm watching the game on TV.
The dog followed me all the way home.
Sorry! The phone rang, and I haven't quite followed what you were saying. (i.e. with the mind: understood)
check, control
Check the tyres before you leave.
The state no longer controls the price of grain.
Explain the meaning of the words in italics:
And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. 落后的国家
The train had to go backwards for half a mile. 倒退
She is concerned with the care of backward children. 落后/迟钝

0437

infant, baby
The State provides a programme of health checks for all infants up to a year old. (Infant is only used in official contexts.)
We were inoculated against diphtheria when we were babies.
imperceptible, unperceived
The changes, as first so small as to be imperceptible, become more obvious as time passes.
So much money was involved that it was impossible for the forgeryto remain unperceived.
alive, living
It was a surprise to learn that he had just died, since I hadn't realized he was still alive!
Until August 1997, the oldest living person was a French woman from Arles aged a hundred and twenty-two.
Explain the meaning of the verbs in italics:
... we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour ... however well we look after ourselves ... 照顾
Look out! There's a bus coming! 注意！当心！
I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 期待
Everybody looks on him as a leader. 视为
If there are any words in the passage you don't understand, look them up in the dictionary. 查找
Business was very slack before Christmas, but things are looking up now. 好转
I shall certainly look up all my old friends when I go back home. 拜访
Why don't you look in next week. I'm sure he'll be back by then. 短暂而随意地访问一个地方或人，顺便看望，看看
Explain the meaning of the verbs in italics:
... mechanical systems ... run out of energy ... 耗尽
My new car hasn't been run in yet. 磨合
That little boy was nearly run over by a bus. 撞倒，碾过
He ran through all the money he had inherited in less than a year. 花光，用完，耗尽
While on holiday in Spain, we ran into out next-door neighbours. 遇到
Look at that lamp-post. It looks as if a car ran into it. 撞
Explain the meaning of the verbs in italics:
... an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out ... 击倒，这里指病倒了；击败，出局，这里指病逝。
There's so much work to do in the office these days, I never knock off before six o'clock. 下班

0439

destination, destiny
Passengers flying on to other destinations in Europe first clear their baggage at this airport.
Surely you don't believe someone can tell your destiny by looking at a pack of cards or a crystal ball.
indescribable, undescribed
When they reached the top of the hill, they saw a scene of indescribable beauty.
Stephen's journey back home is undescribed in the novel.
capture, arrest
Captured by the enemy, the soldiers were in danger of being shot.
He was arrested by the police for theft.
misunderstood, not understood
That is not what I meant, He must have misunderstood or misheard me.
Apparently this is not understood by all the students.
draft, draught
It is said that he completed the first draft of the play within two days.
Can you close that window a bit, please, on account of the draught. (= cold air current)
judgement, criticism
Find out everything you can, then make a judgement based on the facts.
Young people deeply resent any criticism of their friends by their parents.
The words in italics in the following sentences are used metaphorically. What is their literal meaning?
He adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone, ... （尤指绘画的）笔法，手法。这里描绘朦胧的形象。
Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. 酵母。这里指写作的兴奋。
Like adolescents they stand before the mirror and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. 弄清；理解。这里指辨认自己。
When he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself ... 挑逗。这里指沽名钓誉。

0441

train, educate
You need to be very patient when you train dogs.
The best investment any country can make in its future is to educate its children.
apart from, except
Apart from you/Except for you, everyone has help in some way.
We're open every day apart from /except Saturday.
degree, rank
I think that's true to a degree.
What rank was your father when he ws in the army?
afterwards, after
We had dinner first. Afterwards, we went to a show.
Come and see me after work.

0442

device, devise
The juice extractor is a practical household device.
He has devised a scheme for earning more money.
travel, trip
She travels to London at least three times month.
I'm just back from a business trip.
adopted, adapted
The company has persuaded the workers to adopt more flexible working practices so as to increase efficiency.
Our Geology teacher has adapted an old washing-machine so he can use it to polish gem-stones.

0443

planet, star
Live images of the robotic vehicle, Sojourner, have been relayed from the planet Mars to our T.V. screens in seconds.
There must be other stars, like our own sun, with orbiting planets similar to Earth.
estimated, esteemed
The cost of repair has been estimated at $45.
German mechanical engineering is highly esteemed world-wide.
natural, physical
It's quite natural for a boy's voice to break when he is about 14.
Boxers take a lot of physical punishment.
unsaid, untold
Some things are better left unsaid.
The floods have caused untold misery to hundreds of thousands of farmers this year.
search for, search
The whole village has been searching for the missing boy.
The security guards are searching each passenger.

0444

custom, habit
Sending birthday cards is not a very old custom.
Overeating can easily become a bad habit.
aspect, view
Why don't we consider the wider aspects of the problem?
There's an excellent view from my window.
proportion, percentage
The amount of work to be done seems to expand in proportion to the amount of time available to do it.
The percentage of income taken in tax has stayed the same now for four years.
unintelligible, unintelligent
The nurses found what he said unintelligible, but his wife could understand him well enough.
People with gross physical disabilities are noe necessarily unintelligent as well.
controversial, argumentative
Euthanasia, even voluntary euthanasia, must always be a controversial subject.
It's hard to teach someone who is habitually argumentative, because they are thinking of how to disgrace instead of paying attention.

0446

late, lately
The train arrived late.
We haven't seen you lately.
hardly, hard
He's so old now, he hardly works at all.
I'll pass the exam if I work hard.
alternative, alternating
That's what we must do then, unless you have an alternative suggestion.
I visit my parents on alternating weekends.

0447

initial, primary
The lawyer charged 50 dollars for the initial consultation.
The safety of our passengers is our primary concern.
hire, rent
I want to hire a car for my trip to London.
We've rented a villa in the south of France for the summer.
total, whole
The total bill came to $894.
You can't give an opinion unless you've read the whole book.
shun, avoid
He was shunned by his former friends.
You should avoid being late for work again.
worship, warship
Religious leaders have always denounced the worship of money as the root of all evil.
The Spanish warships sent to conquer Britain in the 16th century were wrecked by an exceptionally violent storm.
by contrast, opposite to
This new manager is really competent, especially by contrast with his predecessor.
This new manager is the complete opposite to what you would expect.